#ResearchAssessment

Introducing the OPUS Researcher Assessment Framework
Introducing the OPUS Researcher Assessment Framework 975 747 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

Gareth O’Neill, Principal Consultant on Open Science at Technopolis Group Belgium (TGB), a partner in the OPUS project, will present the Researcher Assessment Framework at the NRFU Council meeting on March 28, 2024.

This framework, developed collaboratively within the OPUS project, aims to redefine standards and methodologies for evaluating researchers in the scientific community. The initial draft includes a comprehensive set of indicators covering various researcher activities, with a focus on Open Science. The draft is openly accessible online in the OPUS Project Zenodo Community

The NRFU Council meeting provides a vital platform for discussions on research standards and practices. Discussion of the OPUS Researcher Assessment Framework will inform the NRFU Council’s perspectives and potential initiatives, potentially contributing to research assessment reform in Ukraine. Continued engagement with stakeholders and consultations with the research community will refine the framework further.

Open Science Day 2024
Open Science Day 2024 680 570 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

On May 6, 2024, KU Leuven is set to host its annual Open Science Day, a pivotal event where the university’s esteemed researchers converge to delve into the realm of Open Science. This gathering serves as a platform for sharing experiences, insights, and visions regarding the evolving landscape of scientific inquiry. Scheduled from 1:30 PM to 7:00 PM, the event will take place at the Thermotechnical Institute, specifically in the Machinezaal & Aula 2de Hoofdwet.

Fostering Openness and Collaboration

The essence of Open Science revolves around transparency, accessibility, and collaboration. At KU Leuven’s Open Science Day, these principles are celebrated as researchers from diverse backgrounds – spanning PhD students to seasoned professors – come together to illuminate the path toward a more open and collaborative research culture.

Engaging Discussions and Insights

Central to the event’s agenda is an array of enlightening discussions and presentations. Participants can expect a vibrant Open Science fair featuring posters and demos showcasing the innovative endeavors undertaken by KU Leuven researchers. Additionally, a distinguished panel will engage in a spirited debate on the role of early career researchers and their mentors in navigating the shifting landscape of Open Science.

Keynote Addresses

Renowned scholars will take the stage to deliver keynote addresses, offering invaluable perspectives on critical facets of Open Science. Paul Wouters will delve into the realm of responsible metrics, shedding light on the significance of ethical and transparent evaluation practices. Following this, Toma Susi will underscore the importance of recognizing and rewarding good research practices, emphasizing integrity and excellence in scholarly pursuits.

A Platform for Exchange and Collaboration

Beyond the formal sessions, the Open Science Day provides a conducive environment for networking and collaboration. Researchers will have the opportunity to exchange ideas, forge new collaborations, and glean insights from peers across various disciplines. Such interactions are fundamental to fostering a culture of openness, diversity, and innovation within the academic community.

Towards a Brighter Future

As the day draws to a close, participants will convene for a reception, reflecting on the day’s discussions and charting the course for the future of Open Science at KU Leuven and beyond. The event’s proceedings will be published on PubPub, ensuring that the insights and outcomes are accessible to the broader academic community.

Join the Conversation

For those eager to embrace the principles of Open Science and contribute to its advancement, KU Leuven’s Open Science Day is an unmissable opportunity. Registration is free but mandatory, with the deadline set for April 30, 2024. Together, let us embark on a journey towards a more open, collaborative, and impactful future for research.

Mark Your Calendar:

  • Date: May 6, 2024
  • Time: 1:30 PM – 7:00 PM
  • Location: Thermotechnical Institute, Machinezaal & Aula 2de Hoofdwet, KU Leuven

Don’t miss your chance to be part of this transformative event. Register now and be a catalyst for change in the realm of scientific inquiry!

More info at KU Leven

Call planning Open Science NL: Open Science Infrastructure Call
Call planning Open Science NL: Open Science Infrastructure Call 1024 576 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

Since its inception, Open Science NL has been diligently refining its funding mechanisms in line with its work programme. Soon, three distinct calls will be unveiled: one targeting the reinforcement of Local and Thematic Data Competence Centers (DCCs), another designed for open science infrastructure endeavors, and a third intended to enhance the acknowledgment and incentives associated with open science.

The Open Science NL work programme for 2024-2025 comprises 15 instruments strategically aligned across five priority domains to advance the transition to open science.

Kicking off the roster of initiatives under this programme, Open Science NL recently unveiled a grant opportunity tailored for open science assemblies. Moreover, in a notable move, the Steering Board allocated funds on March 15th towards bolstering the Citizen Science Netherlands network. With a substantial allocation of 1.1 million euros, the aim is to elevate the professional standards of citizen science and foster social engagement over the ensuing four years, fostering tighter bonds within the communities it serves. Concurrently, collaborative efforts with various partners are underway to orchestrate the National Open Science Festival, slated to be held on October 22nd at Maastricht University.

The imminent call will target the fortification of Local and Thematic DCCs. Existing entities such as Local DCCs, Thematic DCCs, and the Netherlands eScience Center will have the opportunity to apply for projects aimed at enhancing their research software training provisions and bolstering expertise in research data interoperability. A budget of EUR 15 million has been earmarked for this endeavor.

During its March 15th meeting, the Open Science NL Steering Committee deliberated on the initial framework of the Open Science Infrastructure programme. This initiative will focus on nurturing digital infrastructures conducive to open science, encompassing software, workflows, platforms, and digital services. The program’s scope spans the development of novel infrastructures as well as the enhancement of existing ones within the broader spectrum of open science, encompassing areas like open access publishing, data sharing, research software and hardware, and infrastructure supporting citizen science and societal engagement. In its inaugural round, a funding pool of EUR 7.5 million will be made available, with the call for proposals slated to open for submissions in the latter half of 2024.

Preparations are also underway for a forthcoming call targeting the recognition and incentivization of open science endeavors. This initiative aims to assist universities, university medical centers, and NWO and KNAW institutes in integrating open science benchmarks into their policies governing the recruitment and advancement of both academic and professional support staff. This program will be closely aligned with the national Recognition and Rewards program, with plans to unveil the call before the onset of summer.

Learn more at Open Science NL

Photo via EPFL

Dual Impacts of Open Research
Dual Impacts of Open Research 800 493 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

The concept of open research stands as a beacon of transparency and collaboration. Yet, beneath its surface lies a nuanced landscape of microenvironmental and macroenvironmental effects that shape its outcomes. In this article, we delve into the multifaceted impacts of open research, examining both its immediate and overarching consequences with a professional lens.

Microenvironmental Effects: At the microenvironmental level, open research fosters unprecedented transparency and collaboration among individual researchers and their immediate circles. By sharing findings, methodologies, and data openly, scholars can scrutinize, validate, and build upon each other’s work more efficiently. However, this open exchange also poses challenges, including issues related to data integrity, reproducibility, and ethical considerations. As such, navigating the dynamics of open research demands careful attention to the intricacies of individual research environments.

Macroenvironmental Effects: Zooming out to the macroenvironmental scale, the impacts of open research extend far beyond individual research settings, encompassing broader societal and ecological considerations. On one hand, open research holds the promise of democratizing access to knowledge, breaking down barriers to information for diverse communities worldwide. Yet, it also disrupts traditional models of academic publishing, posing economic challenges for publishers and threatening the livelihoods of those involved in the scholarly dissemination process. Moreover, questions of information equity and global knowledge distribution emerge, highlighting the need for equitable access and representation in the open research landscape.

To sum up, the effects of open research span both microenvironmental and macroenvironmental domains, presenting a complex interplay of opportunities and challenges. As scholars and stakeholders navigate this terrain, it is essential to maintain a professional stance, acknowledging the nuances of both individual research contexts and broader societal impacts. By doing so, we can harness the potential of open research to drive innovation, collaboration, and positive change within the academic and global communities.

Photo via UKCORR

The Responsible Use of Generative AI in Research: Guiding Principles and Recommendations
The Responsible Use of Generative AI in Research: Guiding Principles and Recommendations 900 900 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our daily lives, reshaping how we interact with technology and influencing various sectors, including research and innovation. In recent years, there has been an unprecedented surge in advancements in AI, driven by factors such as increased data availability, enhanced computing power, and breakthroughs in machine learning algorithms. Among these advancements, the development of generative AI, capable of producing content across multiple domains, has garnered significant attention.

Generative AI, powered by foundation models trained on extensive unlabelled data, has led to the emergence of ‘General Purpose AI,’ capable of generating diverse content, including text, images, code, and more. The quality of output generated by these models often rivals that of human-generated content, blurring the lines between artificial and human creativity.

However, with the widespread adoption of generative AI comes a host of challenges and ethical considerations. The proliferation of AI-generated content raises concerns about the spread of disinformation and the potential misuse of AI for unethical purposes. In the realm of research, while generative AI holds promise for accelerating scientific discovery and improving research processes, it also poses risks to research integrity and raises questions about responsible use.

To address these challenges, the European Research Area Forum, in collaboration with various stakeholders, has developed guidelines for the responsible use of generative AI in research. These guidelines aim to provide researchers, research organizations, and funding bodies with a framework for utilizing generative AI ethically and effectively.

Key Principles:

The guidelines are built upon key principles drawn from existing frameworks, including the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and guidelines on trustworthy AI developed by the High-Level Expert Group on AI. These principles encompass reliability, honesty, respect, and accountability throughout the research process.

Recommendations for Researchers:

  1. Maintain Responsibility: Researchers are ultimately accountable for the integrity of content generated using AI tools and must remain critical of the output’s limitations and potential biases.
  2. Transparency: Researchers should transparently disclose the use of generative AI tools in their research processes, detailing how they were utilized and acknowledging any limitations or biases.
  3. Privacy and Intellectual Property: Researchers must exercise caution when sharing sensitive information with AI tools, ensuring compliance with data protection regulations and respecting intellectual property rights.
  4. Legal Compliance: Researchers should adhere to national, EU, and international legislation, especially concerning intellectual property rights and personal data protection.
  5. Continuous Learning: Researchers should stay updated on best practices for using generative AI tools and undergo regular training to maximize their benefits.
  6. Sensitive Activities: Researchers should refrain from substantially using generative AI in sensitive activities that could impact other researchers or organizations, such as peer review processes.

Recommendations for Research Organizations:

  1. Supportive Environment: Research organizations should promote, guide, and support the responsible use of generative AI in research activities, providing training and guidelines for ethical usage.
  2. Monitoring and Oversight: Organizations should actively monitor the development and use of generative AI systems within their institutions, providing feedback, and guidance to researchers.
  3. Integration of Guidelines: Research organizations should integrate generative AI guidelines into their existing research practices and ethics guidelines, fostering open discussions and consultations with stakeholders.
  4. Local Governance: Whenever possible, organizations should implement locally hosted or cloud-based generative AI tools that they govern themselves, ensuring data protection and confidentiality.

Recommendations for Research Funding Organizations:

  1. Promotion and Support: Funding organizations should promote and support the responsible use of generative AI in research, aligning funding instruments with ethical guidelines and legal requirements.
  2. Internal Usage: Funding organizations should transparently and responsibly use generative AI in their internal processes, ensuring fairness and confidentiality.
  3. Transparency from Applicants: Funding organizations should request transparency from applicants regarding their use of generative AI, facilitating ways for applicants to report its usage.
  4. Monitoring and Training: Funding organizations should monitor and actively participate in the evolving landscape of generative AI, funding training programs for ethical and responsible AI use in research.

The responsible use of generative AI in research requires a collaborative effort from researchers, research organizations, and funding bodies. By adhering to ethical guidelines and fostering a culture of transparency and accountability, we can harness the potential of AI to advance scientific knowledge while mitigating potential risks and safeguarding research integrity.

More at EU Website

5th meetings of the UNESCO Working Groups on Open Science
5th meetings of the UNESCO Working Groups on Open Science 868 300 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

Join us in advancing open science principles worldwide! As per the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, adopted during the General Conference’s 41st session on November 23, 2021, we invite you to actively participate in shaping the future of scientific collaboration and accessibility.

Member States, committed to transparency and inclusivity, will be convening for regular progress updates every four years. We encourage your engagement and input as we collectively work towards realizing the transformative potential of open science.

To facilitate our collaborative efforts, we have established:

  1. Open Science Steering Committee Meetings: These sessions provide a platform for strategic oversight and guidance, ensuring coherence in our global endeavors. Join us for our upcoming meetings on April 4th, May 17th, April 30th, May 15th, and June 3rd, 2024, as we track progress and address challenges together.
  2. Intersectoral Task Team Gatherings: Comprising experts from diverse sectors, these meetings offer comprehensive oversight and guidance to advance open science initiatives. Your participation is vital in ensuring a holistic approach to our endeavors. Join us for our scheduled meetings on April 4th, April 17th, April 30th, May 15th, and June 3rd, 2024.

Your involvement is crucial as we implement the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science. Together, we can create a more accessible and collaborative scientific landscape.

Furthermore, we invite you to explore our ongoing efforts through:

  • Open Science Working Groups: Engage with experts in critical areas such as capacity building, policy development, funding mechanisms, infrastructures, and monitoring frameworks. You can contribute by attending scheduled meetings or registering for upcoming ones.
  • Global Open Science Partnership: Join us in fostering technical advice and guidance, facilitating collaboration, and knowledge exchange.
  • Toolkit Development: Contribute to the development of practical resources for Member States and stakeholders, ensuring effective implementation of open science principles.

Your participation is essential in shaping the future of open science. Let’s work together to realize its full potential and ensure equitable access to scientific knowledge for all.

For more information and to register for meetings, please visit UNESCO Open Science Meetings Portal. Together, let’s embrace the culture and practice of open science for a brighter future.

We look forward to your active involvement!

Open Research Europe: Early Career Researchers
Open Research Europe: Early Career Researchers 1024 405 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

For Early Career Researchers (ECRs), navigating the academic landscape can often feel like a daunting task, with limited access to reliable resources and opportunities for career advancement. Open Research Europe aims to change that narrative by offering a platform tailored specifically to empower ECRs, providing them with the tools, resources, and collaborative opportunities necessary to thrive in their research endeavors.

At Open Research Europe, the importance of fostering an environment where ECRs can gain invaluable experience, access valuable resources, and engage in meaningful collaborations to propel their research careers forward is highly recognized. Whether it’s publishing groundbreaking findings, honing editorial skills through peer review, spearheading collections, or serving as a Community Gateway Advisor, we offer a myriad of opportunities for ECRs to make their mark in the academic sphere.

What Opportunities Await Early Career Researchers at Open Research Europe?

Irrespective of their research disciplines, ECRs can leverage Open Research Europe to:

  1. Publish Articles: Showcase your research to a global audience through our platform’s rapid publication process.
  2. Explore Open Access Research: Access a wealth of open access research materials to enrich your scholarly pursuits.
  3. Diversify Article Types: Choose from a diverse range of article types to effectively communicate your findings.
  4. Engage in Peer Review: Refine your critical analysis skills by participating in the peer review process.
  5. Serve as Community Gateway Advisors: Take on leadership roles to guide and support fellow researchers.
  6. Lead Collections: Curate and lead collections as guest advisors, contributing to scholarly discourse and advancement.

About Open Research Europe

Open Research Europe stands as a beacon of open access publishing, committed to facilitating the rapid dissemination of research outputs without editorial bias. Embracing principles of transparency and reproducibility, our platform employs a rigorous post-publication peer review process to foster an open dialogue between authors and the wider research community.

Why Choose Open Research Europe for Publishing?

By publishing with Open Research Europe, ECRs can enjoy a plethora of benefits tailored to support their burgeoning careers:

  1. Diverse Article Types: With over 14 article types available, ECRs can choose formats that best suit their research and audience.
  2. Rapid Publication: Your findings are promptly disseminated upon meeting our publication guidelines, ensuring swift access to your work.
  3. Post-Publication Peer Review: Receive constructive feedback from experts, enhancing the quality and impact of your research.
  4. Horizon Europe Compliance: Our platform aligns fully with Horizon Europe open research policies, ensuring compliance with funding requirements.
  5. Enhanced Visibility and Impact: Enjoy higher citation rates, increased visibility, and greater opportunities for collaboration, amplifying the reach and influence of your research.

Open Research Europe extends its invitation to all researchers with Horizon 2020 and/or Horizon Europe funding, offering a cost-free avenue to showcase their work and contribute to the advancement of scholarly knowledge. Join us in shaping the future of open science and unlocking the full potential of your research career.

Useful links

Source Open Research Europe

Pioneering Research for a Greener Tomorrow
Pioneering Research for a Greener Tomorrow 810 354 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

In academia and scientific inquiry, a new beacon shines brightly: sustainable research. Beyond the conventional pursuit of knowledge, sustainable research embodies a profound commitment to not only understand the world but also to safeguard it for future generations. With an infectious passion for progress and a dash of eco-consciousness, sustainable research is revolutionizing the way we explore, innovate, and envision the future.

Picture this: laboratories bustling with fervent activity, not just in the pursuit of groundbreaking discoveries but also in the quest for sustainability. From reducing carbon footprints to minimizing waste, every aspect of the research process is infused with a green ethos. It’s not merely about the end result; it’s about how we get there and the impact we leave behind.

At the heart of sustainable research lies a fundamental shift in mindset. Gone are the days of reckless exploitation of resources in the name of progress. Instead, researchers are embracing the challenge of sustainability as an integral part of their mission. It’s about finding harmony between scientific advancement and environmental stewardship, a delicate dance where each step forward is a step toward a greener, more sustainable future.

But what exactly does sustainable research look like in action? Imagine scientists meticulously designing experiments to minimize waste and maximize efficiency. Picture research facilities powered by renewable energy sources, where even the humble laboratory notebook is made from recycled materials. It’s a holistic approach that extends beyond the confines of the lab, encompassing everything from transportation to conferences and beyond.

One of the most inspiring aspects of sustainable research is its collaborative nature. Across disciplines and borders, researchers are joining forces to tackle some of the most pressing challenges facing our planet. Whether it’s developing eco-friendly materials, devising sustainable agricultural practices, or exploring renewable energy solutions, the spirit of cooperation is driving innovation like never before.

Of course, sustainable research isn’t without its challenges. It requires a fundamental rethinking of established practices and a willingness to embrace change. It demands patience, perseverance, and a willingness to question the status quo. But the rewards are immeasurable: a world where scientific progress and environmental preservation go hand in hand, where innovation is not just a force for change but a force for good.

Perhaps the most exciting aspect of sustainable research is its potential to inspire a new generation of scientists. As young minds across the globe witness the power of research to effect positive change, they are emboldened to dream big and aim high. They see in sustainable research not just a career but a calling, a chance to leave their mark on the world in a way that is both meaningful and enduring.

So, as we look to the future, let us embrace the spirit of sustainable research with open arms and boundless enthusiasm. Let us celebrate the pioneers who are leading the charge toward a greener, more sustainable world. And let us remember that every breakthrough, every discovery, and every innovation brings us one step closer to realizing that vision. With sustainable research as our guide, the possibilities are limitless, and the future is bright.

Photo via ETF

A Guide to the Classification of Licenses for Open Access
A Guide to the Classification of Licenses for Open Access 1024 480 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

In the vast ocean of scholarly communication, open access has emerged as a beacon of light, promising unrestricted access to knowledge. However, navigating the complexities of open access licenses can feel like setting sail without a map. To shed light on this matter, we embark on a journey to explore the classification of licenses for open access and their implications for the dissemination of knowledge.

Open access, at its core, is about making research freely available to anyone with an internet connection. Yet, achieving this goal involves more than simply removing paywalls. Licenses play a pivotal role in defining the terms under which content is shared, determining how it can be used, reused, and redistributed.

The most common framework for open access licensing is provided by Creative Commons, a nonprofit organization that offers a range of licenses tailored to different levels of openness. These licenses are designed to strike a balance between promoting access to information and protecting the rights of creators. Let’s embark on a voyage through the seas of open access licenses:

  1. CC BY (Attribution): This license is akin to a sturdy ship, providing the most freedom for users. It allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as they credit the original creator. Like a well-charted route, CC BY facilitates widespread dissemination of knowledge while ensuring proper attribution.
  2. CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike): Imagine this license as a vessel that encourages collaborative exploration. It permits users to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the original creator and license their new creations under the same terms. Like sailors sharing their discoveries, CC BY-SA fosters a community of knowledge sharing and collaboration.
  3. CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial): This license sets sail on a voyage with a different destination—non-commercial use. It allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as they credit the original creator. Like a ship navigating calm waters, CC BY-NC protects against commercial exploitation while promoting educational and non-profit endeavors.
  4. CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike): Picture this license as a vessel sailing in the waters of education and collaboration. It allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as they credit the original creator and license their new creations under the same terms. Like a fleet of ships sharing resources, CC BY-NC-SA fosters educational initiatives and collaborative endeavors.
  5. CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives): This license anchors itself firmly, allowing others to download the works and share them with others as long as they credit the original creator, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially. It’s like a lighthouse guiding ships away from alterations and commercial ventures, preserving the integrity of the original work.

As we navigate these classifications, it’s essential to recognize that the choice of license carries profound implications. For creators, it shapes how their work is disseminated and utilized. For users, it determines the extent to which they can engage with and build upon existing knowledge.

Understanding the classification of licenses for open access is akin to mastering the art of navigation. By charting a course that balances openness with respect for intellectual property rights, we can navigate these waters with confidence, ensuring that the treasures of knowledge are accessible to all who seek them. So, as you set sail in the realm of open access, may your journey be guided by the principles of transparency, collaboration, and the free exchange of ideas. Bon voyage!

Photo via Digiwonk

Nobody Puts Research in a Cage
Nobody Puts Research in a Cage 975 680 Open and Universal Science (OPUS) Project

In the labyrinthine corridors of scientific inquiry, access to knowledge isn’t merely a luxury—it’s the very foundation upon which discoveries are built. However, these corridors are often barricaded by copyright and related rights, leaving researchers stranded in legal gray zones or stifled by restrictive laws. The Right to Research, a fundamental tenet, faces numerous hurdles due to outdated copyright frameworks, hindering progress and collaboration in the scientific community.

Across the globe, researchers navigate a complex web of copyright laws, some offering broad exceptions and flexibilities, while others impose prohibitive restrictions. The European Union recently embarked on a reform journey to mitigate these obstacles, notably embracing Text and Data Mining (TDM), a modern method crucial for sifting through vast troves of data. However, while this represents a step forward, it falls short of addressing all the needs of researchers.

A critical limitation arises in the realm of communication rights. The inability to share research results due to copyright constraints obstructs transparency, impedes compliance with open access requirements, and stifles collaborative endeavors. The struggle isn’t merely academic; it’s a tangible barrier that impedes progress on a global scale.

To shed light on these challenges, the Right to Research in International Copyright Law project conducted interviews with European and non-European researchers. Their experiences paint a vivid picture of the hurdles they face daily. From restricted access to national libraries to the inability to scrape online content, each story underscores the urgency for reform.

The call for change echoes not only at the national but also at the EU and international levels. At the national level, policymakers must amend copyright laws to accommodate research needs, ensuring access to all forms of copyrighted materials. Simultaneously, they must safeguard research uses from contractual and technological overrides.

Within the EU, while TDM has gained ground, broader research rights are imperative to foster a level playing field and facilitate cross-border initiatives. This necessitates a comprehensive exception to copyright for scientific research, empowering researchers to reproduce and share protected materials seamlessly.

Internationally, policymakers must collaborate on establishing non-binding instruments to support copyright reforms conducive to scientific research. An international agreement on minimum standards for research is crucial to harmonize laws globally and foster cross-border collaboration.

The path forward is clear: unlocking the gates of knowledge demands a concerted effort to reform copyright laws. By protecting the Right to Research at all levels, we pave the way for a future where innovation knows no bounds. It’s time to tear down the barriers that obstruct the pursuit of knowledge and embrace a world where the doors to discovery swing wide open for all.

Editors:
Teresa Nobre, COMMUNIA
Maria Drabczyk, Centrum Cyfrowe
Eric Luth, Wikimedia Sverige
Deborah De Angelis, DDA Law Firm
Maja Bogataj Jančič, Intellectual Property Institute

Designer:
Magda Arażny, magdarysuje.pl

Original – click here

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